B vitamins are essential for energy metabolism, brain function, and the production of vital neurotransmitters. B complex vitamins, including folate (B9), are especially important for women, particularly during pregnancy, to support fetal development and reduce the risk of birth defects. Additionally, B vitamins like B6 help regulate hormonal activity, which can alleviate PMS symptoms.
Reference: Bender DA, Mayes PA. "Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals." In: Stipanuk MH, Caudill MA, eds. Biochemical, Physiological, and Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition, 3rd ed. Saunders; 2012.